摘 要：通過對青貯飼草微生物數(shù)量動態(tài)變化及營養(yǎng)價值的檢測，旨在探明“核心料”對青貯品質(zhì)的作用及確定飼草的青貯原料。選擇四川省阿壩藏族羌族自治州紅原縣瓦切草場的青貯飼草作為實驗原料。實驗設計分為青貯老芒麥、添加“核心料”的青貯老芒麥、青貯燕麥3個組。在所有采樣時間點，研究青貯飼草的乳酸菌、酵母菌、霉菌數(shù)量的3項微生物指標，在青貯起止兩個時間點測定pH值、水分、粗蛋白、氨態(tài)氮、酸性洗滌纖維、中性洗滌纖維、乳酸含量7項理化指標。研究表明：在青貯過程中，添加“核心料”及采用燕麥為原料能有效降低飼草pH值，抑制青貯過程腐敗微生物生長，穩(wěn)定飼草中蛋白質(zhì)含量，降低纖維素含量，從而提高青貯營養(yǎng)價值，改善青貯品質(zhì)。
關鍵詞：老芒麥；燕麥；核心料；青貯
文獻標志碼：A 文章編號：1674-5124（2015）12-0049-05
Fermentations of Elymus sibiricus Linn and Avena sativa Linn Silage with wrapped
bales in the alpine pastoral areas of northwestern Sichuan
XIA Baixue1， JIN Yan1， JIN Yulan1， ZHAO Changsong1， LI Daxu2， LIU Gang2， SUN Qun1
（1. Key Laboratory of Microbiological Resource and Technology，College of Life Sciences，
Sichuan University，Chengdu 610064，China；
2. Sichuan Academy of Grass land Science，Chengdu, 611731，China）
Abstract: The purpose of this experiment was to study the effects of "core materials" on fermentation quality and determine the silage materials of forage through microbial dynamics and nutritional value detection. The forage produced in the Waqie meadow in Tibetan Qiang Autonomous Prefecture of Aba， Sichuan was used as experimental materials. These were divided into three groups， Elymus sibiricus Linn silage， Elymus sibiricus Linn silage with core materials， and Avena sativa Linn silage. Three microbial indicators of lactic acid bacteria， yeast and mold were studied at each sampling time point. At the two starting time points of ensiling， seven physical and chemical characteristics were determined， including pH， moisture， crude protein， Ammonia-N， acid detergent fiber， neutral detergent fiber and lactic acid. The test results show that the core materials added and the choice of Avena sativa Linn can largely decrease the pH value of the forage， inhibit the growth of spoilage microorganism at the stages of ensiling， and improve the nutritional value and silage quality by stabilizing the content of protein and cellulose.
Keywords: Elymus sibiricus Linn； Avena sativa Linn； core material； silage
